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School System in U.K.
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2010-05-21
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4615
¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÇÐÁ¦ / School System
¿µ±¹ÀÇ Çб³ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ; 6(ÃÊ) - 5(Áß) - 2(°í) - 3(´ë)
Çѱ¹ ; 6(ÃÊ) - 3(Áß) - 3(°í) - 4(´ë)
Àǹ«±³À° ¿¬ÇÑÀº 11³âÀ¸·Î¼, ÁߵÀ° / Key Stage¸¦ ´Ü°èº° ±³À°°úÁ¤À¸·Î ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Key Stage´Â 1~4´Ü°è¿¡ °ÉóÀÖÀ¸¸ç, 5´Ü°è´Â 11³âÀ» ¸¶Ä£ ³ª¸ÓÁö 2³â(A-level, 6th Form)
Key Stage 1 ; 1~2Çгâ
Key Stage 2 ; 3~6Çгâ
Key Stage 3 ; 7~9Çгâ
Key Stage 4 ; 10~11Çгâ
Key Stage 5 ; 12~13Çгâ / Key Stage¸¦ ÀÌÇÏ "KS"¶ó ĪÇÔ
°¢ ´Ü°è°¡ ³¡³ª´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ °¢ ´Ü°èº° ¼ºÃë ¼öÁØ-target levelÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â ±¹°¡¼öÁØÀÇ Æò°¡
(National Curriculum Test)¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
Target level ;
KS 1 -level 2
KS 2 -level 4
KS 3 -level 5
ÃʵîÇб³(Primary School) ; ÀÔÇÐÇÏ´Â ÃëÇÐ ¿¬·ÉÀº ¸Å³â 9¿ù1ÀÏÀÚ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î ¸¸ 5¼¼ÀÌ´Ù.
³ªÀÌ¿¡ ¸ÂÃç ÇгâÀ» ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Ùº¸´Ï Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ¿µ±¹Çб³·Î ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ ÇгâÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. Áï, Çѱ¹¿¡¼ 9¿ùºÎÅÍ 2¿ù»çÀÌ¿¡ 4ÇгâÀ̾ú´Ù¸é ¿µ±¹¿¡¼´Â 5ÇгâÀ¸·Î µé¾î°£´Ù.
¹°·Ð 3¿ùºÎÅÍ 8¿ù¸»±îÁö´Â °°Àº ÇгâÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í°°ÀÌ ÃʵîÇб³ ´Ü°è´Â KS 1°ú KS 2¿¡
ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ±³À°°úÁ¤À» ´Ù·é´Ù.
KS 1 ÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ National Test·Î English(reading, Writing-including handwriting and
spelling), Math ½ÃÇèÀ» 3½Ã°£ À̳»¿¡ ÇØ´ç Áö¿ª ±³À°Ã»ÀÇ °üÇÒ ÇÏ¿¡ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
KS 2ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â National Test ·Î 5¿ù Áß¼ø °æ¿¡ 5½Ã°£ 30ºÐ À̳»¿¡ English(reading,
writing-including handwriting and spelling), math - including mental arithmetic,
science ÀÇ ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡¸¥´Ù.
ÁßµîÇб³(Secondary School) ´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ 7Çгâ~11Çгâ±îÁöÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ´Ù·é´Ù. ÁßµîÇб³
´Ü°è´Â KS 3 (7~9Çгâ)°ú KS 4 (10~11Çгâ)¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ±³À°°úÁ¤À» ´Ù·é´Ù.
KS 3ÀÌ ³¡³ª°¡ ¹«·ÆÀÎ 14¼¼ ¶§(9Çгâ)¿¡ National Test·Î English, Maths, Science, History,
Geography, Modern foreign language, Design and Technology, Information and
Communication Technology (ICT), Art and Design, Music, Physical education, Citizenship,
Religious education µî Àü¿µ¿ª¿¡ °ÉÃļ ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡¸¥´Ù.
KS 4°úÁ¤À» ÈçÈ÷ GCSE °úÁ¤À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ´Â KS 4°¡ ³¡³¯ ¹«·Æ Áß¿äÇÑ ½ÃÇèÀÎ General
Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡¸£±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. GCSE¶õ ÁßµîÇб³ Á¹¾÷
ÀڰݽÃÇèÀÌ´Ù.
KS 3ÀÇ 9Çг⿡¼ ¿©·¯ °³¼³ °ú¸ñ Áß¿¡¼ °ú¸ñ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÏ°í KS 4 10~11 (15~16¼¼) Çг⿡ ¼±ÅÃÇÑ
°ú¸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¾÷ ¹× ½ÃÇè Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡¸¥´Ù. "GCSE"½ÃÇèÀº 11Çгâ Ãʱ⿡ "mock
examination"¸¦ ÅëÇØ "core" or "extended"·Î ³ª´©¾î ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡·ç¸ç, "core"·Î Ä¡·ç¾úÀ» °æ¿ì
¾Æ¹«¸® Á¡¼ö°¡ Àß³ª¿Íµµ "c"ÀÌ»óÀ» ³Ñ±âÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
GCSE °úÁ¤ ;
Çʼö°ú¸ñ (obligation)
¿µ¾î(English)
¼öÇÐ(Maths)
°úÇÐ(Science)
Á¾±³±³À° (Religious education)
üÀ°(Physical education)
¼±Åðú¸ñ µé (options)
´ë°³ ÇлýµéÀº ¿µ¾î(English), ¼öÇÐ(Maths), °úÇÐ(Science)À» ½ÃÇè°ú¸ñÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ¿©±â¿¡
¸î °³ÀÇ °ú¸ñÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡¸¥´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ±× ´ÙÀ½ »óÀ§ Çб³ÀÎ A-level Çб³¿¡ ÀÔÇÐÇϱâ
À§ÇØ GCSE ¼ºÀûÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥ Åë»ó 5°ú¸ñÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇϹǷΠ5°ú¸ñ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½ÃÇèÀ» Ä¡¸£°í ÀÖ´Ù.
GCSE ½ÃÇèÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ °á°ú´Â ½ÃÇè ¼ºÀû¸¸À¸·Î µî±ÞÀÌ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í Çб³ÀÇ ¼öÇàÆò°¡³ª
°úÁ¤Æò°¡ ¼ºÀûµµ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
GCSE ½ÃÇè °ú¸ñº° µî±Þ ; A*, A, B, C, D, E, F, G·Î ³ª´µ¸ç A* ~ C»çÀÌÀÇ Á¡¼ö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é
ÇհݵȴÙ. ¸Å³â ½ÃÇè °á°ú´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±³À°°úÇбâ¼úºÎ¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â The Department for Children. School and Families¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Çб³ ¼¿, Çб³ ÇÕ°ÝÀ² µîÀÇ Á¤º¸°¡ ±×´ë·Î °ø°³µÈ´Ù.
°á°ú¸¦ ¾Ë°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ À¥»çÀÌÆ®¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
http://www.education.gov.uk/
Åë»ó ÁßµîÇб³´Â ÃʵîÇб³¿¡¼ ½ÃÇèºÁ¼ µé¾î°¡´Â Çб³ Áï, ÀϺΠ°ø¸³Çб³(State School) ¿Í
»ç¸³Çб³(Public School) ¿Í ½ÃÇèÀ» º¸Áö ¾Ê°í µé¾î°¡´Â Çб³·Î ±¸º°µÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌµé °£ÀÇ °ÝÂ÷°¡ ÀÖ´Â
ÆíÀÌ´Ù. 2009³âµµ GCSE °á°ú¸¦ º¸¸é, Àü±¹ Æò±Õ ÇÕ°Ý·üÀÌ 49%ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °á°ú´Â °¢ Áö¿ª ±³À°Ã»°ú
Çб³, ±×¸®°í Áö¿ª ¿©·Ð¿¡ ¸¹Àº ¹ÝÇâÀ» ºÒ·¯¿Â´Ù. ƯÈ÷, ¼ºÀûÀÌ ÁÁÁö ¾ÊÀº Çб³´Â Çà.ÀçÁ¤Àû ºÒÆíÇÔÀ»
°¨¼öÇؾßÇÏ°í, ´õ ÁÁÀº ÇлýµéÀ» ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î °ø±Þ¹Þ±â À§ÇÑ »ç¸³Çб³³ª ¼±¹ß °í»ç¸¦ Ä¡¸£´Â Çб³µéÀº
´ë´ëÀûÀ¸·Î È«º¸¸¦ Çؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
ÈıâÁßµîÇб³ (A-level, 6th Form) ;
12Çгâ°ú 13Çгâ (17~18¼¼)À¸·Î Çѱ¹ÀÇ °í 3°ú ´ëÇб³ 1Çг⠰úÁ¤À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. A-levelÀº
6th Form µîÀ¸·Î ºÒ¸°´Ù. 6th Form À̶ó´Â ¿ë¾î´Â Áßµî 1ÇгâÀÎ 7ÇгâÀ» 1Çгâ À̶ó°í ÇÒ ¶§ 12ÇгâÀº
6Çг⿡ ÇØ´çµÊ¿¡¼ À¯·¡ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÇ´ø ¸íĪÀÌ¸ç ¿äÁòÀº º¸Åë A-level À̶ó°í ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼
°øºÎÇÑ ¼º Àû°ú A-level ½ÃÇè ¼ºÀûÀ» °¡Áö°í ´ëÇÐ ÀÔÇп¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. A-levelÀº "Advanced level"ÀÇ
ÁÙÀÓ ¸»·Î ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÁߵÀ°ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· ´Ü°èÀÎ 12, 13Çг⿡ Ä¡¸£´Â ½ÃÇèÀ¸·Î¼ °ø½Ä¸íĪÀº "General
Certificate of Education Advanced Level (GCE A-levle)"ÀÌ´Ù.
A-level ;
AS(Advanced Subsidiary) :1³âÂ÷(lower sixth)¿¡ Ä¡¸£´Â ½ÃÇè
A2 : 2³âÂ÷(Upper sixth)¿¡ Ä¡¸£´Â ½ÃÇè
Full A-level : ÀÌ µÑÀ» ÇÕÄ£ °Í. 6°³ Æò°¡ºÐ¾ß°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÇлýµéÀº AS ½ÃÇè¿¡¼
4 °ú¸ñÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ½ÃÇè¿¡ ÀÀ½ÃÇÏ°í A2ÀÎ 2³âÂ÷¿¡¼ 3°³ °ú¸ñÀ¸·Î ÁÙ¿©¼
½ÃÇè¿¡ ÀÀÇÑ´Ù.
A-levelÀÇ ¼ºÀû µî±Þ : 80 A, 70 B, 60 C, 50 D, 40 E, 40~ U(Unclassified, Ungraded)µî±ÞÀ»
¹ÞÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌµé ¼ºÀû Áß º¸Åë 3°ú¸ñÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ´ëÇп¡ ÁøÇÐÇÑ´Ù.
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